Osteochondrosis is a chronic repetitive disease that occurs against the background of permanent destruction of vertebrae and intervelling discs.Depending on the localization of vertebrates who are subjected to degenerative changes, they differ between breasts, pathology of lumbosacraris, as well as doors.Leading symptoms of osteochondrosis are pain, whose seriousness increases during physical effort, motion stiffness.In the clinical picture, there are often spine: headaches, jumps in blood pressure, reduction of sharpness and hearing-visual.
The diagnosis is based on the results of instrumental research - radiographs, MRI, CT.In the therapy of osteochondrose, medications of different clinical and pharmacological groups are used.Increase your clinical efficiency, physiotherapy and massage procedures are implemented.One of the main methods of therapy and prevention are physiotherapy exercises.
Disease development mechanism
The pathogenesis of osteochondrose is based on the loss of pulpus from the nucleus of its hydrophilic properties.This semi-blue structure consists of connective tissue and jacket.As a person grows up, there is a reduction in the vascular channel in each disc between vertebral.The entry of nutrients in it occurs diffuse, ie according to the principle of spontaneous level of concentrations.This explains the inability to complete cartilage tissues after injury or excessive physical efforts to the spinal column.
Osteochondrose processes exacerbate changes in a hormone background and unbalanced diet.The amount of nutrients sufficient for their full functioning does not enter the cartilage tissue, which causes the following disorders of their structure and properties:
- Power and elasticity are lost;
- Form, consistency and configuration change.
Intervertebral discs are flattened, and radial cracks are formed in fibrous rings.This causes a reduction in distance between adjacent vertebrae.Gradual, binding tissues of fibrous rings and ligaments are included in the pathological process.In response to tissue deterioration, the immune system begins to produce immunoglobulins, which leads to aseptic inflammation and edema formation in joint joints and soft tissues that are nearby.The capsules of the joints extend, so intervertal discs stop reliably fix vertebrae.And with the instability of interfood segments, it is probably increasing violation of the nervous root or grip of the blood vessel.This often happens with cervical osteochondrose and causes its pronounced symptoms.
Causes and provokes factors
In the state of interfoods discs, the reduced tone of the skeletal muscles of the spinal column is negatively affected.Irrational, the asymmetric functioning of the muscles occurs with a long-lasting person in a non-pointing position, for example, with a head descended during the computer.The destruction of the carcinysis fabric can be provoked by a permanent carrying heavy bag on one shoulder, a dream on a soft mattress and a high pillow.
The following external and internal negative factors also accelerate the destruction of intervertebral discs:
- Endocrine and metabolic disorders;
- Infectious pathology, especially chronic;
- Previous spinal injuries (compression breaks, bruises);
- Frequent hypothermia;
- The presence of systemic or degenerative-dystrophilic diseases - goatnotes, psorijat, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis.
If a person has bad habits then at risk.Smoking and alcohol abuse exacerbate the state of blood vessels, lead to insufficient blood circulation and lack of nutrients in the cartilage disc tissues.
In the presence of flat rates or clubs, the risk of developing osteochondrose of any localization increases significantly.Such congenated or acquired shortcomings become a reason to increase the load on the spine due to the inability to ensure proper depreciation with support.The factor predisposing on the occurrence of pathology is obesity.
With the deposition of adipose tissues in various body parts, balance support is complicated, leading to the effects of excessive load on intervertebral compounds.
Clinical picture
The first clinical manifestation of cervix, chest or lumbar osteochondorosis is a pain in the back.During the relapse, he has permeated, radiating the nearby body.The smallest movement leads to increasing the severity of pain syndrome.The person's answer is the adoption of a forced position in which the intensity of unpleasant sensations is minimal:
- People with cervix osteochondrose prefer to turn not aside, not head, but the whole body;
- With breast pathology, a person is even afraid of a full breath, as this becomes the cause of acute pain in the thoracic area;
- Patients with lumbar osteochondrosis are difficult to sit, get up and go for a breach of the spinal nerve.
Most patients complain to the doctor about stupid steady pain and the feeling of limiting movements in the morning.This requires an additional differential diagnosis for the exclusion of myositis (inflammatory process in the skeletal back muscles) and osteoarthritis.The reason for the impact of pain, pressing pain is compensatory stress of muscle tissue for stabilizing the affected engine segment on the vertebrae.The constant syndrome of poor or medium weight pain also occurs due to the significant part of the intervertebral disk and the development of aseptic inflammation.
For osteochondrose, certain localization are characteristic of specific symptoms.For example, with lumbar pathology, Lumbuyshiwalgia often appear - pain in the lower back pain and the back of the thighs.Thoracal osteohondrosis Clinically manifests visceral pain in the heart region, right hypochondria, stomach, stiffness, increased skin sensitivity, crumb in vertebrates.But the fastest and various symptoms are characterized by pathology that affects cervical interverters.
As a result of the displacement of vertebrae, the formation of osteophytes, the vertebral artery is compressed, which feeds the brain cells, which gives them oxygen.The person suffers from the violation of the coordination of movements, ears in ears, headaches, arterial hypertension.
What can be in the absence of treatment
Most osteochondrose complications occur due to the formation of the inverterbral disk.It is formed when this vertebrate structure is displaced, leading to the rupture of the back longitudinal ligament.The disc becomes even more unstable, and the part protrudes in the cerebrospinal channel.The hernia is considered exploding if in the process of forming, along with the disk, his topic of the core penetrates the channel.
Such pathological conditions of vertebrate is predisposed to the compression of the spinal cord and development of diskogene mineopathies.Clinically manifests in Torpor, weaknesses of some muscle groups of legs or weapons, parews, muscle atrophy, changes in tendon reflexes.A bladder disorders and (or) intestines can be noticed.As a result of the formation of intervertebral hernia, arteries that feed the spinal cord.Ischemic areas are formed in which all nerve cells were killed.The neurological deficit is happening - the movements were broken, the sensitivity decreases, and Trothy is upset.
Treatment tactics
Osteochondrosis does not borrow to fill the medicine, which has not been synthesized so far, whose entry would help restore the damaged intervertebral discs and vertebrae.But therapeutic schemes necessarily include hondroprotectors - symptomatic agents of slow action.The preference is given to drugs with active chondroid ingredients with sulfate and (or) glucosamine sulfate (hydrochloride).
The clinical efficiency of these drugs is confirmed by the results of many years of research.With prolonged reception (from 3 months to 2 years), partial regeneration of cartilage tissues occur, as well as other construction tissue structures - ligaments, tendons, bournes.While accumulating in the interviolent discs of glucosamine and chondroitine, they start to perform an expressed analgesic, decongestant, anti-inflammatory effect.This allows you to reduce Doze NSAIDs, glucocorticosteroids, muscle relaxant, thus reducing pharmacological load on the body.
The compound medications are inefficient with improper use or use for the treatment of osteochondrose 3. degrees, when significantly destroying cartilage tissues are noticed.
To remove symptoms that usually occur with osteochondrose cervix or bra are used to improve blood circulation, notebooks that improves the microcirculation of the maze used for the pathology of the vestibular apparatus.
If necessary, antidepressants, anticonvulsants are included in the therapeutic schemes.
In the treatment of osteochondrose, physiotherapy procedures are used: UHF therapy, magnetotherapy, laser therapy.Reflexology, massage, exercise therapy, hyrudotherapy, swimming, yoga are used.With the inefficientness of the conservative treatment, the patient is shown surgical intervention.Practice is practiced by a disk, its laser reconstruction or replacement of implants.